A universal method for left-hand alignment of a sequence of equalities
With this code
documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
usepackage{mathtools, mathrsfs}
makeatletter
letsave@mathaccentmathaccent
newcommand*if@single[3]{%
setbox0hbox{${mathaccent"0362{#1}}^H$}%
setbox2hbox{${mathaccent"0362{kern0pt#1}}^H$}%
ifdimht0=ht2 #3else #2fi
}
%The bar will be moved to the right by a half of macc@kerna, which is computed by amsmath:
newcommand*rel@kern[1]{kern#1dimexprmacc@kerna}
%If there's a superscript following the bar, then no negative kern may follow the bar;
%an additional {} makes sure that the superscript is high enough in this case:
newcommand*widebar[1]{@ifnextchar^{{wide@bar{#1}{0}}}{wide@bar{#1}{1}}}
%Use a separate algorithm for single symbols:
newcommand*wide@bar[2]{if@single{#1}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{1}}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{2}}}
newcommand*wide@bar@[3]{%
begingroup
defmathaccent##1##2{%
%Enable nesting of accents:
letmathaccentsave@mathaccent
%If there's more than a single symbol, use the first character instead (see below):
if#32 letmacc@nucleusfirst@char fi
%Determine the italic correction:
setboxz@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}_{}$}%
setboxtw@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}{}_{}$}%
dimen@wdtw@
advancedimen@-wdz@
%Now dimen@ is the italic correction of the symbol.
dividedimen@ 3
@tempdimawdtw@
advance@tempdima-scriptspace
%Now @tempdima is the width of the symbol.
divide@tempdima 10
advancedimen@-@tempdima
%Now dimen@ = (italic correction / 3) - (Breite / 10)
ifdimdimen@>z@ dimen@0ptfi
%The bar will be shortened in the case dimen@<0 !
rel@kern{0.6}kern-dimen@
if#31
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@macc@nucleusrel@kern{0.4}kerndimen@}%
advancedimen@0.4dimexprmacc@kerna
%Place the combined final kern (-dimen@) if it is >0 or if a superscript follows:
letfinal@kern#2%
ifdimdimen@<z@ letfinal@kern1fi
iffinal@kern1 kern-dimen@fi
else
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@#1}%
fi
}%
macc@depth@ne
letmath@bgroup@empty letmath@egroupmacc@set@skewchar
mathsurroundz@ frozen@everymath{mathgroupmacc@grouprelax}%
macc@set@skewcharrelax
letmathaccentVmacc@nested@a
%The following initialises macc@kerna and calls mathaccent:
if#31
macc@nested@arelax111{#1}%
else
%If the argument consists of more than one symbol, and if the first token is
%a letter, use that letter for the computations:
defgobble@till@marker##1endmarker{}%
futureletfirst@chargobble@till@marker#1endmarker
ifcatnoexpandfirst@char Aelse
deffirst@char{}%
fi
macc@nested@arelax111{first@char}%
fi
endgroup
}
makeatother
begin{document}
[begin{aligned}
mathscr F(bar{r}(t))&=& int_a^{b} L dt& =&int_a^{b} left[L frac{dt}{dtau}right]dtau=\
=int_a^{b} Bigl[-mc^2-qvarphidfrac{1}{sqrt{1-dfrac{u^{2}}{c^{2}}}}+qfrac{bar{u}cdot widebar{A}}{sqrt{1-dfrac{u^{2}}{c^{2}}}}Bigr] dtau=& &&&\
=int_a^{b} left[-mc^2+q,boldsymbol{mathcal{U}}cdot boldsymbol{mathcal{A}}right] dtau&&&&\
end{aligned}
]
end{document}
I have this output:
and I would like to have the following alignment as the image below:
In the last few days I have done several tests but I have not succeeded. For other formulas the alignment on the left is very good. With this formula I can't do it.
Lastly, how can I improve the shape of the integral of the second line where the two green rectangles are highlighted? The square brackets do not respect the length of the integral symbol.
math-mode vertical-alignment align best-practices brackets
add a comment |
With this code
documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
usepackage{mathtools, mathrsfs}
makeatletter
letsave@mathaccentmathaccent
newcommand*if@single[3]{%
setbox0hbox{${mathaccent"0362{#1}}^H$}%
setbox2hbox{${mathaccent"0362{kern0pt#1}}^H$}%
ifdimht0=ht2 #3else #2fi
}
%The bar will be moved to the right by a half of macc@kerna, which is computed by amsmath:
newcommand*rel@kern[1]{kern#1dimexprmacc@kerna}
%If there's a superscript following the bar, then no negative kern may follow the bar;
%an additional {} makes sure that the superscript is high enough in this case:
newcommand*widebar[1]{@ifnextchar^{{wide@bar{#1}{0}}}{wide@bar{#1}{1}}}
%Use a separate algorithm for single symbols:
newcommand*wide@bar[2]{if@single{#1}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{1}}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{2}}}
newcommand*wide@bar@[3]{%
begingroup
defmathaccent##1##2{%
%Enable nesting of accents:
letmathaccentsave@mathaccent
%If there's more than a single symbol, use the first character instead (see below):
if#32 letmacc@nucleusfirst@char fi
%Determine the italic correction:
setboxz@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}_{}$}%
setboxtw@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}{}_{}$}%
dimen@wdtw@
advancedimen@-wdz@
%Now dimen@ is the italic correction of the symbol.
dividedimen@ 3
@tempdimawdtw@
advance@tempdima-scriptspace
%Now @tempdima is the width of the symbol.
divide@tempdima 10
advancedimen@-@tempdima
%Now dimen@ = (italic correction / 3) - (Breite / 10)
ifdimdimen@>z@ dimen@0ptfi
%The bar will be shortened in the case dimen@<0 !
rel@kern{0.6}kern-dimen@
if#31
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@macc@nucleusrel@kern{0.4}kerndimen@}%
advancedimen@0.4dimexprmacc@kerna
%Place the combined final kern (-dimen@) if it is >0 or if a superscript follows:
letfinal@kern#2%
ifdimdimen@<z@ letfinal@kern1fi
iffinal@kern1 kern-dimen@fi
else
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@#1}%
fi
}%
macc@depth@ne
letmath@bgroup@empty letmath@egroupmacc@set@skewchar
mathsurroundz@ frozen@everymath{mathgroupmacc@grouprelax}%
macc@set@skewcharrelax
letmathaccentVmacc@nested@a
%The following initialises macc@kerna and calls mathaccent:
if#31
macc@nested@arelax111{#1}%
else
%If the argument consists of more than one symbol, and if the first token is
%a letter, use that letter for the computations:
defgobble@till@marker##1endmarker{}%
futureletfirst@chargobble@till@marker#1endmarker
ifcatnoexpandfirst@char Aelse
deffirst@char{}%
fi
macc@nested@arelax111{first@char}%
fi
endgroup
}
makeatother
begin{document}
[begin{aligned}
mathscr F(bar{r}(t))&=& int_a^{b} L dt& =&int_a^{b} left[L frac{dt}{dtau}right]dtau=\
=int_a^{b} Bigl[-mc^2-qvarphidfrac{1}{sqrt{1-dfrac{u^{2}}{c^{2}}}}+qfrac{bar{u}cdot widebar{A}}{sqrt{1-dfrac{u^{2}}{c^{2}}}}Bigr] dtau=& &&&\
=int_a^{b} left[-mc^2+q,boldsymbol{mathcal{U}}cdot boldsymbol{mathcal{A}}right] dtau&&&&\
end{aligned}
]
end{document}
I have this output:
and I would like to have the following alignment as the image below:
In the last few days I have done several tests but I have not succeeded. For other formulas the alignment on the left is very good. With this formula I can't do it.
Lastly, how can I improve the shape of the integral of the second line where the two green rectangles are highlighted? The square brackets do not respect the length of the integral symbol.
math-mode vertical-alignment align best-practices brackets
It is noteqnarray
. Use a single&
per line, before the first=
.
– egreg
3 hours ago
@egreg Kindest Prof. I ask you a kindness; please can you give me a complete answer with the directions that I have given? I hope that the translation from Italian into English with DeepL is clear. Thank you in advance.
– Sebastiano
3 hours ago
Is it normal practice where you come from to have an = sign at the end of one line and the start of the next? because it definitely isn't here, you shouldn't have one at the end of the line
– Au101
3 hours ago
add a comment |
With this code
documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
usepackage{mathtools, mathrsfs}
makeatletter
letsave@mathaccentmathaccent
newcommand*if@single[3]{%
setbox0hbox{${mathaccent"0362{#1}}^H$}%
setbox2hbox{${mathaccent"0362{kern0pt#1}}^H$}%
ifdimht0=ht2 #3else #2fi
}
%The bar will be moved to the right by a half of macc@kerna, which is computed by amsmath:
newcommand*rel@kern[1]{kern#1dimexprmacc@kerna}
%If there's a superscript following the bar, then no negative kern may follow the bar;
%an additional {} makes sure that the superscript is high enough in this case:
newcommand*widebar[1]{@ifnextchar^{{wide@bar{#1}{0}}}{wide@bar{#1}{1}}}
%Use a separate algorithm for single symbols:
newcommand*wide@bar[2]{if@single{#1}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{1}}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{2}}}
newcommand*wide@bar@[3]{%
begingroup
defmathaccent##1##2{%
%Enable nesting of accents:
letmathaccentsave@mathaccent
%If there's more than a single symbol, use the first character instead (see below):
if#32 letmacc@nucleusfirst@char fi
%Determine the italic correction:
setboxz@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}_{}$}%
setboxtw@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}{}_{}$}%
dimen@wdtw@
advancedimen@-wdz@
%Now dimen@ is the italic correction of the symbol.
dividedimen@ 3
@tempdimawdtw@
advance@tempdima-scriptspace
%Now @tempdima is the width of the symbol.
divide@tempdima 10
advancedimen@-@tempdima
%Now dimen@ = (italic correction / 3) - (Breite / 10)
ifdimdimen@>z@ dimen@0ptfi
%The bar will be shortened in the case dimen@<0 !
rel@kern{0.6}kern-dimen@
if#31
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@macc@nucleusrel@kern{0.4}kerndimen@}%
advancedimen@0.4dimexprmacc@kerna
%Place the combined final kern (-dimen@) if it is >0 or if a superscript follows:
letfinal@kern#2%
ifdimdimen@<z@ letfinal@kern1fi
iffinal@kern1 kern-dimen@fi
else
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@#1}%
fi
}%
macc@depth@ne
letmath@bgroup@empty letmath@egroupmacc@set@skewchar
mathsurroundz@ frozen@everymath{mathgroupmacc@grouprelax}%
macc@set@skewcharrelax
letmathaccentVmacc@nested@a
%The following initialises macc@kerna and calls mathaccent:
if#31
macc@nested@arelax111{#1}%
else
%If the argument consists of more than one symbol, and if the first token is
%a letter, use that letter for the computations:
defgobble@till@marker##1endmarker{}%
futureletfirst@chargobble@till@marker#1endmarker
ifcatnoexpandfirst@char Aelse
deffirst@char{}%
fi
macc@nested@arelax111{first@char}%
fi
endgroup
}
makeatother
begin{document}
[begin{aligned}
mathscr F(bar{r}(t))&=& int_a^{b} L dt& =&int_a^{b} left[L frac{dt}{dtau}right]dtau=\
=int_a^{b} Bigl[-mc^2-qvarphidfrac{1}{sqrt{1-dfrac{u^{2}}{c^{2}}}}+qfrac{bar{u}cdot widebar{A}}{sqrt{1-dfrac{u^{2}}{c^{2}}}}Bigr] dtau=& &&&\
=int_a^{b} left[-mc^2+q,boldsymbol{mathcal{U}}cdot boldsymbol{mathcal{A}}right] dtau&&&&\
end{aligned}
]
end{document}
I have this output:
and I would like to have the following alignment as the image below:
In the last few days I have done several tests but I have not succeeded. For other formulas the alignment on the left is very good. With this formula I can't do it.
Lastly, how can I improve the shape of the integral of the second line where the two green rectangles are highlighted? The square brackets do not respect the length of the integral symbol.
math-mode vertical-alignment align best-practices brackets
With this code
documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
usepackage{mathtools, mathrsfs}
makeatletter
letsave@mathaccentmathaccent
newcommand*if@single[3]{%
setbox0hbox{${mathaccent"0362{#1}}^H$}%
setbox2hbox{${mathaccent"0362{kern0pt#1}}^H$}%
ifdimht0=ht2 #3else #2fi
}
%The bar will be moved to the right by a half of macc@kerna, which is computed by amsmath:
newcommand*rel@kern[1]{kern#1dimexprmacc@kerna}
%If there's a superscript following the bar, then no negative kern may follow the bar;
%an additional {} makes sure that the superscript is high enough in this case:
newcommand*widebar[1]{@ifnextchar^{{wide@bar{#1}{0}}}{wide@bar{#1}{1}}}
%Use a separate algorithm for single symbols:
newcommand*wide@bar[2]{if@single{#1}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{1}}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{2}}}
newcommand*wide@bar@[3]{%
begingroup
defmathaccent##1##2{%
%Enable nesting of accents:
letmathaccentsave@mathaccent
%If there's more than a single symbol, use the first character instead (see below):
if#32 letmacc@nucleusfirst@char fi
%Determine the italic correction:
setboxz@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}_{}$}%
setboxtw@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}{}_{}$}%
dimen@wdtw@
advancedimen@-wdz@
%Now dimen@ is the italic correction of the symbol.
dividedimen@ 3
@tempdimawdtw@
advance@tempdima-scriptspace
%Now @tempdima is the width of the symbol.
divide@tempdima 10
advancedimen@-@tempdima
%Now dimen@ = (italic correction / 3) - (Breite / 10)
ifdimdimen@>z@ dimen@0ptfi
%The bar will be shortened in the case dimen@<0 !
rel@kern{0.6}kern-dimen@
if#31
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@macc@nucleusrel@kern{0.4}kerndimen@}%
advancedimen@0.4dimexprmacc@kerna
%Place the combined final kern (-dimen@) if it is >0 or if a superscript follows:
letfinal@kern#2%
ifdimdimen@<z@ letfinal@kern1fi
iffinal@kern1 kern-dimen@fi
else
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@#1}%
fi
}%
macc@depth@ne
letmath@bgroup@empty letmath@egroupmacc@set@skewchar
mathsurroundz@ frozen@everymath{mathgroupmacc@grouprelax}%
macc@set@skewcharrelax
letmathaccentVmacc@nested@a
%The following initialises macc@kerna and calls mathaccent:
if#31
macc@nested@arelax111{#1}%
else
%If the argument consists of more than one symbol, and if the first token is
%a letter, use that letter for the computations:
defgobble@till@marker##1endmarker{}%
futureletfirst@chargobble@till@marker#1endmarker
ifcatnoexpandfirst@char Aelse
deffirst@char{}%
fi
macc@nested@arelax111{first@char}%
fi
endgroup
}
makeatother
begin{document}
[begin{aligned}
mathscr F(bar{r}(t))&=& int_a^{b} L dt& =&int_a^{b} left[L frac{dt}{dtau}right]dtau=\
=int_a^{b} Bigl[-mc^2-qvarphidfrac{1}{sqrt{1-dfrac{u^{2}}{c^{2}}}}+qfrac{bar{u}cdot widebar{A}}{sqrt{1-dfrac{u^{2}}{c^{2}}}}Bigr] dtau=& &&&\
=int_a^{b} left[-mc^2+q,boldsymbol{mathcal{U}}cdot boldsymbol{mathcal{A}}right] dtau&&&&\
end{aligned}
]
end{document}
I have this output:
and I would like to have the following alignment as the image below:
In the last few days I have done several tests but I have not succeeded. For other formulas the alignment on the left is very good. With this formula I can't do it.
Lastly, how can I improve the shape of the integral of the second line where the two green rectangles are highlighted? The square brackets do not respect the length of the integral symbol.
math-mode vertical-alignment align best-practices brackets
math-mode vertical-alignment align best-practices brackets
asked 3 hours ago
SebastianoSebastiano
10.3k42060
10.3k42060
It is noteqnarray
. Use a single&
per line, before the first=
.
– egreg
3 hours ago
@egreg Kindest Prof. I ask you a kindness; please can you give me a complete answer with the directions that I have given? I hope that the translation from Italian into English with DeepL is clear. Thank you in advance.
– Sebastiano
3 hours ago
Is it normal practice where you come from to have an = sign at the end of one line and the start of the next? because it definitely isn't here, you shouldn't have one at the end of the line
– Au101
3 hours ago
add a comment |
It is noteqnarray
. Use a single&
per line, before the first=
.
– egreg
3 hours ago
@egreg Kindest Prof. I ask you a kindness; please can you give me a complete answer with the directions that I have given? I hope that the translation from Italian into English with DeepL is clear. Thank you in advance.
– Sebastiano
3 hours ago
Is it normal practice where you come from to have an = sign at the end of one line and the start of the next? because it definitely isn't here, you shouldn't have one at the end of the line
– Au101
3 hours ago
It is not
eqnarray
. Use a single &
per line, before the first =
.– egreg
3 hours ago
It is not
eqnarray
. Use a single &
per line, before the first =
.– egreg
3 hours ago
@egreg Kindest Prof. I ask you a kindness; please can you give me a complete answer with the directions that I have given? I hope that the translation from Italian into English with DeepL is clear. Thank you in advance.
– Sebastiano
3 hours ago
@egreg Kindest Prof. I ask you a kindness; please can you give me a complete answer with the directions that I have given? I hope that the translation from Italian into English with DeepL is clear. Thank you in advance.
– Sebastiano
3 hours ago
Is it normal practice where you come from to have an = sign at the end of one line and the start of the next? because it definitely isn't here, you shouldn't have one at the end of the line
– Au101
3 hours ago
Is it normal practice where you come from to have an = sign at the end of one line and the start of the next? because it definitely isn't here, you shouldn't have one at the end of the line
– Au101
3 hours ago
add a comment |
3 Answers
3
active
oldest
votes
My mathematician's eyes bleed when I see something like
frac{<whatever}{sqrt{1-dfrac{u^2}{c^2}}
appearing more than once; I guess in your document it appears many times.
documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
usepackage{mathtools, mathrsfs,bm}
makeatletter
%<...long code omitted for brevity...>
makeatother
begin{document}
[
begin{aligned}
mathscr F(bar{r}(t))
&= int_a^{b} L dt = int_a^{b} left[L frac{dt}{dtau}right],dtau=\
&=int_a^{b} [-mc^2-qvarphigamma(u)+qbar{u}cdot widebar{A}gamma(u)] ,dtau=\
&=int_a^{b} [-mc^2+q,bm{mathcal{U}}cdot bm{mathcal{A}}] ,dtau\
end{aligned}
]
where
[
gamma(u)=left(1-frac{u^2}{c^2}right)^{-1/2}
]
end{document}
There should be a single &
per line.
I also fixed the usage of left
and right
and loaded bm
that performs better than amsbsy
and its boldsymbol
command, replaced by bm
(but boldsymbol
works as well).
add a comment |
Here are some suggestions:
documentclass{article}
usepackage{mathtools,mathrsfs,bm,bigints}
begin{document}
[
begin{aligned}
mathscr{F}(bar{r}(t)) &= int_a^b L ,mathrm{d}t = int_a^b left[L dfrac{mathrm{d}t}{mathrm{d}tau} right] ,mathrm{d}tau = \
&= bigint_a^b left[ -m c^2 - q varphi dfrac{1}{sqrt{1 - dfrac{u^2}{c^2}}} +
q frac{bar{u} cdot bar{A}}{sqrt{1 - dfrac{u^2}{c^2}}} right] ,mathrm{d}tau = \
&= int_a^b bigl[ -m c^2 + q,bm{mathcal{U}} cdot bm{mathcal{A}} bigr] mathrm{d}tau
end{aligned}
]
begin{align*}
mathscr{F}(bar{r}(t)) &= int_a^b L ,mathrm{d}t = int_a^b left[L dfrac{mathrm{d}t}{mathrm{d}tau} right] ,mathrm{d}tau = \
&= int_a^b bigl( -m c^2 - q varphi / sqrt{1 - u^2 / c^2} +
q (bar{u} cdot bar{A}) / sqrt{1 - u^2 / c^2} ,bigr) ,mathrm{d}tau = \
&= int_a^b bigl( -m c^2 + q,bm{mathcal{U}} cdot bm{mathcal{A}} bigr) ,mathrm{d}tau
end{align*}
end{document}
The first suggestion uses an extended integral from bigints
, but it places far too big an emphasis visually. Hence the second suggestion, and to use a less-intrusive fraction of the form a / b.
No, please, no! ;-)
– egreg
3 hours ago
add a comment |
First you had unnecessary ampersands, and others were missing.
To have some equations left aligned, the simplest way is to use the fleqn
environment from nccmath
. Further, I improved the layout of the square roots, using the mfrac
command (medium-sized
fractions) instead of dfrac
.
documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
usepackage{mathtools, mathrsfs, nccmath}
usepackage[showframe]{geometry}
makeatletter
letsave@mathaccentmathaccent
newcommand*if@single[3]{%
setbox0hbox{${mathaccent"0362{#1}}^H$}%
setbox2hbox{${mathaccent"0362{kern0pt#1}}^H$}%
ifdimht0=ht2 #3else #2fi
}
%The bar will be moved to the right by a half of macc@kerna, which is computed by amsmath:
newcommand*rel@kern[1]{kern#1dimexprmacc@kerna}
%If there's a superscript following the bar, then no negative kern may follow the bar;
%an additional {} makes sure that the superscript is high enough in this case:
newcommand*widebar[1]{@ifnextchar^{{wide@bar{#1}{0}}}{wide@bar{#1}{1}}}
%Use a separate algorithm for single symbols:
newcommand*wide@bar[2]{if@single{#1}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{1}}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{2}}}
newcommand*wide@bar@[3]{%
begingroup
defmathaccent##1##2{%
%Enable nesting of accents:
letmathaccentsave@mathaccent
%If there's more than a single symbol, use the first character instead (see below):
if#32 letmacc@nucleusfirst@char fi
%Determine the italic correction:
setboxz@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}_{}$}%
setboxtw@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}{}_{}$}%
dimen@wdtw@
advancedimen@-wdz@
%Now dimen@ is the italic correction of the symbol.
dividedimen@ 3
@tempdimawdtw@
advance@tempdima-scriptspace
%Now @tempdima is the width of the symbol.
divide@tempdima 10
advancedimen@-@tempdima
%Now dimen@ = (italic correction / 3) - (Breite / 10)
ifdimdimen@>z@ dimen@0ptfi
%The bar will be shortened in the case dimen@<0 !
rel@kern{0.6}kern-dimen@
if#31
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@macc@nucleusrel@kern{0.4}kerndimen@}%
advancedimen@0.4dimexprmacc@kerna
%Place the combined final kern (-dimen@) if it is >0 or if a superscript follows:
letfinal@kern#2%
ifdimdimen@<z@ letfinal@kern1fi
iffinal@kern1 kern-dimen@fi
else
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@#1}%
fi
}%
macc@depth@ne
letmath@bgroup@empty letmath@egroupmacc@set@skewchar
mathsurroundz@ frozen@everymath{mathgroupmacc@grouprelax}%
macc@set@skewcharrelax
letmathaccentVmacc@nested@a
%The following initialises macc@kerna and calls mathaccent:
if#31
macc@nested@arelax111{#1}%
else
%If the argument consists of more than one symbol, and if the first token is
%a letter, use that letter for the computations:
defgobble@till@marker##1endmarker{}%
futureletfirst@chargobble@till@marker#1endmarker
ifcatnoexpandfirst@char Aelse
deffirst@char{}%
fi
macc@nested@arelax111{first@char}%
fi
endgroup
}
makeatother
begin{document}
begin{fleqn}
begin{align*}
mathscr F(bar{r}(t))&= int_a^{b} L dt =int_a^{b} left[L frac{dt}{dtau}right]dtau=\
& =int_a^{b} Bigl[-mc^2-qvarphidfrac{1}{sqrt{1-mfrac{u^{2}mathstrut}{c^{2}}}}+qfrac{bar{u}cdot widebar{A}}{sqrt{1-mfrac{u^{2}}{c^{2}}}}Bigr] dtau=& &&&\
& =int_a^{b} left[-mc^2+q,boldsymbol{mathcal{U}}cdot boldsymbol{mathcal{A}}right] dtau\
end{align*}
end{fleqn}
end{document}
add a comment |
Your Answer
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3 Answers
3
active
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3 Answers
3
active
oldest
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My mathematician's eyes bleed when I see something like
frac{<whatever}{sqrt{1-dfrac{u^2}{c^2}}
appearing more than once; I guess in your document it appears many times.
documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
usepackage{mathtools, mathrsfs,bm}
makeatletter
%<...long code omitted for brevity...>
makeatother
begin{document}
[
begin{aligned}
mathscr F(bar{r}(t))
&= int_a^{b} L dt = int_a^{b} left[L frac{dt}{dtau}right],dtau=\
&=int_a^{b} [-mc^2-qvarphigamma(u)+qbar{u}cdot widebar{A}gamma(u)] ,dtau=\
&=int_a^{b} [-mc^2+q,bm{mathcal{U}}cdot bm{mathcal{A}}] ,dtau\
end{aligned}
]
where
[
gamma(u)=left(1-frac{u^2}{c^2}right)^{-1/2}
]
end{document}
There should be a single &
per line.
I also fixed the usage of left
and right
and loaded bm
that performs better than amsbsy
and its boldsymbol
command, replaced by bm
(but boldsymbol
works as well).
add a comment |
My mathematician's eyes bleed when I see something like
frac{<whatever}{sqrt{1-dfrac{u^2}{c^2}}
appearing more than once; I guess in your document it appears many times.
documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
usepackage{mathtools, mathrsfs,bm}
makeatletter
%<...long code omitted for brevity...>
makeatother
begin{document}
[
begin{aligned}
mathscr F(bar{r}(t))
&= int_a^{b} L dt = int_a^{b} left[L frac{dt}{dtau}right],dtau=\
&=int_a^{b} [-mc^2-qvarphigamma(u)+qbar{u}cdot widebar{A}gamma(u)] ,dtau=\
&=int_a^{b} [-mc^2+q,bm{mathcal{U}}cdot bm{mathcal{A}}] ,dtau\
end{aligned}
]
where
[
gamma(u)=left(1-frac{u^2}{c^2}right)^{-1/2}
]
end{document}
There should be a single &
per line.
I also fixed the usage of left
and right
and loaded bm
that performs better than amsbsy
and its boldsymbol
command, replaced by bm
(but boldsymbol
works as well).
add a comment |
My mathematician's eyes bleed when I see something like
frac{<whatever}{sqrt{1-dfrac{u^2}{c^2}}
appearing more than once; I guess in your document it appears many times.
documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
usepackage{mathtools, mathrsfs,bm}
makeatletter
%<...long code omitted for brevity...>
makeatother
begin{document}
[
begin{aligned}
mathscr F(bar{r}(t))
&= int_a^{b} L dt = int_a^{b} left[L frac{dt}{dtau}right],dtau=\
&=int_a^{b} [-mc^2-qvarphigamma(u)+qbar{u}cdot widebar{A}gamma(u)] ,dtau=\
&=int_a^{b} [-mc^2+q,bm{mathcal{U}}cdot bm{mathcal{A}}] ,dtau\
end{aligned}
]
where
[
gamma(u)=left(1-frac{u^2}{c^2}right)^{-1/2}
]
end{document}
There should be a single &
per line.
I also fixed the usage of left
and right
and loaded bm
that performs better than amsbsy
and its boldsymbol
command, replaced by bm
(but boldsymbol
works as well).
My mathematician's eyes bleed when I see something like
frac{<whatever}{sqrt{1-dfrac{u^2}{c^2}}
appearing more than once; I guess in your document it appears many times.
documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
usepackage{mathtools, mathrsfs,bm}
makeatletter
%<...long code omitted for brevity...>
makeatother
begin{document}
[
begin{aligned}
mathscr F(bar{r}(t))
&= int_a^{b} L dt = int_a^{b} left[L frac{dt}{dtau}right],dtau=\
&=int_a^{b} [-mc^2-qvarphigamma(u)+qbar{u}cdot widebar{A}gamma(u)] ,dtau=\
&=int_a^{b} [-mc^2+q,bm{mathcal{U}}cdot bm{mathcal{A}}] ,dtau\
end{aligned}
]
where
[
gamma(u)=left(1-frac{u^2}{c^2}right)^{-1/2}
]
end{document}
There should be a single &
per line.
I also fixed the usage of left
and right
and loaded bm
that performs better than amsbsy
and its boldsymbol
command, replaced by bm
(but boldsymbol
works as well).
answered 3 hours ago
egregegreg
723k8819173220
723k8819173220
add a comment |
add a comment |
Here are some suggestions:
documentclass{article}
usepackage{mathtools,mathrsfs,bm,bigints}
begin{document}
[
begin{aligned}
mathscr{F}(bar{r}(t)) &= int_a^b L ,mathrm{d}t = int_a^b left[L dfrac{mathrm{d}t}{mathrm{d}tau} right] ,mathrm{d}tau = \
&= bigint_a^b left[ -m c^2 - q varphi dfrac{1}{sqrt{1 - dfrac{u^2}{c^2}}} +
q frac{bar{u} cdot bar{A}}{sqrt{1 - dfrac{u^2}{c^2}}} right] ,mathrm{d}tau = \
&= int_a^b bigl[ -m c^2 + q,bm{mathcal{U}} cdot bm{mathcal{A}} bigr] mathrm{d}tau
end{aligned}
]
begin{align*}
mathscr{F}(bar{r}(t)) &= int_a^b L ,mathrm{d}t = int_a^b left[L dfrac{mathrm{d}t}{mathrm{d}tau} right] ,mathrm{d}tau = \
&= int_a^b bigl( -m c^2 - q varphi / sqrt{1 - u^2 / c^2} +
q (bar{u} cdot bar{A}) / sqrt{1 - u^2 / c^2} ,bigr) ,mathrm{d}tau = \
&= int_a^b bigl( -m c^2 + q,bm{mathcal{U}} cdot bm{mathcal{A}} bigr) ,mathrm{d}tau
end{align*}
end{document}
The first suggestion uses an extended integral from bigints
, but it places far too big an emphasis visually. Hence the second suggestion, and to use a less-intrusive fraction of the form a / b.
No, please, no! ;-)
– egreg
3 hours ago
add a comment |
Here are some suggestions:
documentclass{article}
usepackage{mathtools,mathrsfs,bm,bigints}
begin{document}
[
begin{aligned}
mathscr{F}(bar{r}(t)) &= int_a^b L ,mathrm{d}t = int_a^b left[L dfrac{mathrm{d}t}{mathrm{d}tau} right] ,mathrm{d}tau = \
&= bigint_a^b left[ -m c^2 - q varphi dfrac{1}{sqrt{1 - dfrac{u^2}{c^2}}} +
q frac{bar{u} cdot bar{A}}{sqrt{1 - dfrac{u^2}{c^2}}} right] ,mathrm{d}tau = \
&= int_a^b bigl[ -m c^2 + q,bm{mathcal{U}} cdot bm{mathcal{A}} bigr] mathrm{d}tau
end{aligned}
]
begin{align*}
mathscr{F}(bar{r}(t)) &= int_a^b L ,mathrm{d}t = int_a^b left[L dfrac{mathrm{d}t}{mathrm{d}tau} right] ,mathrm{d}tau = \
&= int_a^b bigl( -m c^2 - q varphi / sqrt{1 - u^2 / c^2} +
q (bar{u} cdot bar{A}) / sqrt{1 - u^2 / c^2} ,bigr) ,mathrm{d}tau = \
&= int_a^b bigl( -m c^2 + q,bm{mathcal{U}} cdot bm{mathcal{A}} bigr) ,mathrm{d}tau
end{align*}
end{document}
The first suggestion uses an extended integral from bigints
, but it places far too big an emphasis visually. Hence the second suggestion, and to use a less-intrusive fraction of the form a / b.
No, please, no! ;-)
– egreg
3 hours ago
add a comment |
Here are some suggestions:
documentclass{article}
usepackage{mathtools,mathrsfs,bm,bigints}
begin{document}
[
begin{aligned}
mathscr{F}(bar{r}(t)) &= int_a^b L ,mathrm{d}t = int_a^b left[L dfrac{mathrm{d}t}{mathrm{d}tau} right] ,mathrm{d}tau = \
&= bigint_a^b left[ -m c^2 - q varphi dfrac{1}{sqrt{1 - dfrac{u^2}{c^2}}} +
q frac{bar{u} cdot bar{A}}{sqrt{1 - dfrac{u^2}{c^2}}} right] ,mathrm{d}tau = \
&= int_a^b bigl[ -m c^2 + q,bm{mathcal{U}} cdot bm{mathcal{A}} bigr] mathrm{d}tau
end{aligned}
]
begin{align*}
mathscr{F}(bar{r}(t)) &= int_a^b L ,mathrm{d}t = int_a^b left[L dfrac{mathrm{d}t}{mathrm{d}tau} right] ,mathrm{d}tau = \
&= int_a^b bigl( -m c^2 - q varphi / sqrt{1 - u^2 / c^2} +
q (bar{u} cdot bar{A}) / sqrt{1 - u^2 / c^2} ,bigr) ,mathrm{d}tau = \
&= int_a^b bigl( -m c^2 + q,bm{mathcal{U}} cdot bm{mathcal{A}} bigr) ,mathrm{d}tau
end{align*}
end{document}
The first suggestion uses an extended integral from bigints
, but it places far too big an emphasis visually. Hence the second suggestion, and to use a less-intrusive fraction of the form a / b.
Here are some suggestions:
documentclass{article}
usepackage{mathtools,mathrsfs,bm,bigints}
begin{document}
[
begin{aligned}
mathscr{F}(bar{r}(t)) &= int_a^b L ,mathrm{d}t = int_a^b left[L dfrac{mathrm{d}t}{mathrm{d}tau} right] ,mathrm{d}tau = \
&= bigint_a^b left[ -m c^2 - q varphi dfrac{1}{sqrt{1 - dfrac{u^2}{c^2}}} +
q frac{bar{u} cdot bar{A}}{sqrt{1 - dfrac{u^2}{c^2}}} right] ,mathrm{d}tau = \
&= int_a^b bigl[ -m c^2 + q,bm{mathcal{U}} cdot bm{mathcal{A}} bigr] mathrm{d}tau
end{aligned}
]
begin{align*}
mathscr{F}(bar{r}(t)) &= int_a^b L ,mathrm{d}t = int_a^b left[L dfrac{mathrm{d}t}{mathrm{d}tau} right] ,mathrm{d}tau = \
&= int_a^b bigl( -m c^2 - q varphi / sqrt{1 - u^2 / c^2} +
q (bar{u} cdot bar{A}) / sqrt{1 - u^2 / c^2} ,bigr) ,mathrm{d}tau = \
&= int_a^b bigl( -m c^2 + q,bm{mathcal{U}} cdot bm{mathcal{A}} bigr) ,mathrm{d}tau
end{align*}
end{document}
The first suggestion uses an extended integral from bigints
, but it places far too big an emphasis visually. Hence the second suggestion, and to use a less-intrusive fraction of the form a / b.
answered 3 hours ago
WernerWerner
446k699831690
446k699831690
No, please, no! ;-)
– egreg
3 hours ago
add a comment |
No, please, no! ;-)
– egreg
3 hours ago
No, please, no! ;-)
– egreg
3 hours ago
No, please, no! ;-)
– egreg
3 hours ago
add a comment |
First you had unnecessary ampersands, and others were missing.
To have some equations left aligned, the simplest way is to use the fleqn
environment from nccmath
. Further, I improved the layout of the square roots, using the mfrac
command (medium-sized
fractions) instead of dfrac
.
documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
usepackage{mathtools, mathrsfs, nccmath}
usepackage[showframe]{geometry}
makeatletter
letsave@mathaccentmathaccent
newcommand*if@single[3]{%
setbox0hbox{${mathaccent"0362{#1}}^H$}%
setbox2hbox{${mathaccent"0362{kern0pt#1}}^H$}%
ifdimht0=ht2 #3else #2fi
}
%The bar will be moved to the right by a half of macc@kerna, which is computed by amsmath:
newcommand*rel@kern[1]{kern#1dimexprmacc@kerna}
%If there's a superscript following the bar, then no negative kern may follow the bar;
%an additional {} makes sure that the superscript is high enough in this case:
newcommand*widebar[1]{@ifnextchar^{{wide@bar{#1}{0}}}{wide@bar{#1}{1}}}
%Use a separate algorithm for single symbols:
newcommand*wide@bar[2]{if@single{#1}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{1}}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{2}}}
newcommand*wide@bar@[3]{%
begingroup
defmathaccent##1##2{%
%Enable nesting of accents:
letmathaccentsave@mathaccent
%If there's more than a single symbol, use the first character instead (see below):
if#32 letmacc@nucleusfirst@char fi
%Determine the italic correction:
setboxz@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}_{}$}%
setboxtw@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}{}_{}$}%
dimen@wdtw@
advancedimen@-wdz@
%Now dimen@ is the italic correction of the symbol.
dividedimen@ 3
@tempdimawdtw@
advance@tempdima-scriptspace
%Now @tempdima is the width of the symbol.
divide@tempdima 10
advancedimen@-@tempdima
%Now dimen@ = (italic correction / 3) - (Breite / 10)
ifdimdimen@>z@ dimen@0ptfi
%The bar will be shortened in the case dimen@<0 !
rel@kern{0.6}kern-dimen@
if#31
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@macc@nucleusrel@kern{0.4}kerndimen@}%
advancedimen@0.4dimexprmacc@kerna
%Place the combined final kern (-dimen@) if it is >0 or if a superscript follows:
letfinal@kern#2%
ifdimdimen@<z@ letfinal@kern1fi
iffinal@kern1 kern-dimen@fi
else
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@#1}%
fi
}%
macc@depth@ne
letmath@bgroup@empty letmath@egroupmacc@set@skewchar
mathsurroundz@ frozen@everymath{mathgroupmacc@grouprelax}%
macc@set@skewcharrelax
letmathaccentVmacc@nested@a
%The following initialises macc@kerna and calls mathaccent:
if#31
macc@nested@arelax111{#1}%
else
%If the argument consists of more than one symbol, and if the first token is
%a letter, use that letter for the computations:
defgobble@till@marker##1endmarker{}%
futureletfirst@chargobble@till@marker#1endmarker
ifcatnoexpandfirst@char Aelse
deffirst@char{}%
fi
macc@nested@arelax111{first@char}%
fi
endgroup
}
makeatother
begin{document}
begin{fleqn}
begin{align*}
mathscr F(bar{r}(t))&= int_a^{b} L dt =int_a^{b} left[L frac{dt}{dtau}right]dtau=\
& =int_a^{b} Bigl[-mc^2-qvarphidfrac{1}{sqrt{1-mfrac{u^{2}mathstrut}{c^{2}}}}+qfrac{bar{u}cdot widebar{A}}{sqrt{1-mfrac{u^{2}}{c^{2}}}}Bigr] dtau=& &&&\
& =int_a^{b} left[-mc^2+q,boldsymbol{mathcal{U}}cdot boldsymbol{mathcal{A}}right] dtau\
end{align*}
end{fleqn}
end{document}
add a comment |
First you had unnecessary ampersands, and others were missing.
To have some equations left aligned, the simplest way is to use the fleqn
environment from nccmath
. Further, I improved the layout of the square roots, using the mfrac
command (medium-sized
fractions) instead of dfrac
.
documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
usepackage{mathtools, mathrsfs, nccmath}
usepackage[showframe]{geometry}
makeatletter
letsave@mathaccentmathaccent
newcommand*if@single[3]{%
setbox0hbox{${mathaccent"0362{#1}}^H$}%
setbox2hbox{${mathaccent"0362{kern0pt#1}}^H$}%
ifdimht0=ht2 #3else #2fi
}
%The bar will be moved to the right by a half of macc@kerna, which is computed by amsmath:
newcommand*rel@kern[1]{kern#1dimexprmacc@kerna}
%If there's a superscript following the bar, then no negative kern may follow the bar;
%an additional {} makes sure that the superscript is high enough in this case:
newcommand*widebar[1]{@ifnextchar^{{wide@bar{#1}{0}}}{wide@bar{#1}{1}}}
%Use a separate algorithm for single symbols:
newcommand*wide@bar[2]{if@single{#1}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{1}}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{2}}}
newcommand*wide@bar@[3]{%
begingroup
defmathaccent##1##2{%
%Enable nesting of accents:
letmathaccentsave@mathaccent
%If there's more than a single symbol, use the first character instead (see below):
if#32 letmacc@nucleusfirst@char fi
%Determine the italic correction:
setboxz@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}_{}$}%
setboxtw@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}{}_{}$}%
dimen@wdtw@
advancedimen@-wdz@
%Now dimen@ is the italic correction of the symbol.
dividedimen@ 3
@tempdimawdtw@
advance@tempdima-scriptspace
%Now @tempdima is the width of the symbol.
divide@tempdima 10
advancedimen@-@tempdima
%Now dimen@ = (italic correction / 3) - (Breite / 10)
ifdimdimen@>z@ dimen@0ptfi
%The bar will be shortened in the case dimen@<0 !
rel@kern{0.6}kern-dimen@
if#31
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@macc@nucleusrel@kern{0.4}kerndimen@}%
advancedimen@0.4dimexprmacc@kerna
%Place the combined final kern (-dimen@) if it is >0 or if a superscript follows:
letfinal@kern#2%
ifdimdimen@<z@ letfinal@kern1fi
iffinal@kern1 kern-dimen@fi
else
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@#1}%
fi
}%
macc@depth@ne
letmath@bgroup@empty letmath@egroupmacc@set@skewchar
mathsurroundz@ frozen@everymath{mathgroupmacc@grouprelax}%
macc@set@skewcharrelax
letmathaccentVmacc@nested@a
%The following initialises macc@kerna and calls mathaccent:
if#31
macc@nested@arelax111{#1}%
else
%If the argument consists of more than one symbol, and if the first token is
%a letter, use that letter for the computations:
defgobble@till@marker##1endmarker{}%
futureletfirst@chargobble@till@marker#1endmarker
ifcatnoexpandfirst@char Aelse
deffirst@char{}%
fi
macc@nested@arelax111{first@char}%
fi
endgroup
}
makeatother
begin{document}
begin{fleqn}
begin{align*}
mathscr F(bar{r}(t))&= int_a^{b} L dt =int_a^{b} left[L frac{dt}{dtau}right]dtau=\
& =int_a^{b} Bigl[-mc^2-qvarphidfrac{1}{sqrt{1-mfrac{u^{2}mathstrut}{c^{2}}}}+qfrac{bar{u}cdot widebar{A}}{sqrt{1-mfrac{u^{2}}{c^{2}}}}Bigr] dtau=& &&&\
& =int_a^{b} left[-mc^2+q,boldsymbol{mathcal{U}}cdot boldsymbol{mathcal{A}}right] dtau\
end{align*}
end{fleqn}
end{document}
add a comment |
First you had unnecessary ampersands, and others were missing.
To have some equations left aligned, the simplest way is to use the fleqn
environment from nccmath
. Further, I improved the layout of the square roots, using the mfrac
command (medium-sized
fractions) instead of dfrac
.
documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
usepackage{mathtools, mathrsfs, nccmath}
usepackage[showframe]{geometry}
makeatletter
letsave@mathaccentmathaccent
newcommand*if@single[3]{%
setbox0hbox{${mathaccent"0362{#1}}^H$}%
setbox2hbox{${mathaccent"0362{kern0pt#1}}^H$}%
ifdimht0=ht2 #3else #2fi
}
%The bar will be moved to the right by a half of macc@kerna, which is computed by amsmath:
newcommand*rel@kern[1]{kern#1dimexprmacc@kerna}
%If there's a superscript following the bar, then no negative kern may follow the bar;
%an additional {} makes sure that the superscript is high enough in this case:
newcommand*widebar[1]{@ifnextchar^{{wide@bar{#1}{0}}}{wide@bar{#1}{1}}}
%Use a separate algorithm for single symbols:
newcommand*wide@bar[2]{if@single{#1}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{1}}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{2}}}
newcommand*wide@bar@[3]{%
begingroup
defmathaccent##1##2{%
%Enable nesting of accents:
letmathaccentsave@mathaccent
%If there's more than a single symbol, use the first character instead (see below):
if#32 letmacc@nucleusfirst@char fi
%Determine the italic correction:
setboxz@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}_{}$}%
setboxtw@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}{}_{}$}%
dimen@wdtw@
advancedimen@-wdz@
%Now dimen@ is the italic correction of the symbol.
dividedimen@ 3
@tempdimawdtw@
advance@tempdima-scriptspace
%Now @tempdima is the width of the symbol.
divide@tempdima 10
advancedimen@-@tempdima
%Now dimen@ = (italic correction / 3) - (Breite / 10)
ifdimdimen@>z@ dimen@0ptfi
%The bar will be shortened in the case dimen@<0 !
rel@kern{0.6}kern-dimen@
if#31
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@macc@nucleusrel@kern{0.4}kerndimen@}%
advancedimen@0.4dimexprmacc@kerna
%Place the combined final kern (-dimen@) if it is >0 or if a superscript follows:
letfinal@kern#2%
ifdimdimen@<z@ letfinal@kern1fi
iffinal@kern1 kern-dimen@fi
else
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@#1}%
fi
}%
macc@depth@ne
letmath@bgroup@empty letmath@egroupmacc@set@skewchar
mathsurroundz@ frozen@everymath{mathgroupmacc@grouprelax}%
macc@set@skewcharrelax
letmathaccentVmacc@nested@a
%The following initialises macc@kerna and calls mathaccent:
if#31
macc@nested@arelax111{#1}%
else
%If the argument consists of more than one symbol, and if the first token is
%a letter, use that letter for the computations:
defgobble@till@marker##1endmarker{}%
futureletfirst@chargobble@till@marker#1endmarker
ifcatnoexpandfirst@char Aelse
deffirst@char{}%
fi
macc@nested@arelax111{first@char}%
fi
endgroup
}
makeatother
begin{document}
begin{fleqn}
begin{align*}
mathscr F(bar{r}(t))&= int_a^{b} L dt =int_a^{b} left[L frac{dt}{dtau}right]dtau=\
& =int_a^{b} Bigl[-mc^2-qvarphidfrac{1}{sqrt{1-mfrac{u^{2}mathstrut}{c^{2}}}}+qfrac{bar{u}cdot widebar{A}}{sqrt{1-mfrac{u^{2}}{c^{2}}}}Bigr] dtau=& &&&\
& =int_a^{b} left[-mc^2+q,boldsymbol{mathcal{U}}cdot boldsymbol{mathcal{A}}right] dtau\
end{align*}
end{fleqn}
end{document}
First you had unnecessary ampersands, and others were missing.
To have some equations left aligned, the simplest way is to use the fleqn
environment from nccmath
. Further, I improved the layout of the square roots, using the mfrac
command (medium-sized
fractions) instead of dfrac
.
documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
usepackage{mathtools, mathrsfs, nccmath}
usepackage[showframe]{geometry}
makeatletter
letsave@mathaccentmathaccent
newcommand*if@single[3]{%
setbox0hbox{${mathaccent"0362{#1}}^H$}%
setbox2hbox{${mathaccent"0362{kern0pt#1}}^H$}%
ifdimht0=ht2 #3else #2fi
}
%The bar will be moved to the right by a half of macc@kerna, which is computed by amsmath:
newcommand*rel@kern[1]{kern#1dimexprmacc@kerna}
%If there's a superscript following the bar, then no negative kern may follow the bar;
%an additional {} makes sure that the superscript is high enough in this case:
newcommand*widebar[1]{@ifnextchar^{{wide@bar{#1}{0}}}{wide@bar{#1}{1}}}
%Use a separate algorithm for single symbols:
newcommand*wide@bar[2]{if@single{#1}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{1}}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{2}}}
newcommand*wide@bar@[3]{%
begingroup
defmathaccent##1##2{%
%Enable nesting of accents:
letmathaccentsave@mathaccent
%If there's more than a single symbol, use the first character instead (see below):
if#32 letmacc@nucleusfirst@char fi
%Determine the italic correction:
setboxz@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}_{}$}%
setboxtw@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}{}_{}$}%
dimen@wdtw@
advancedimen@-wdz@
%Now dimen@ is the italic correction of the symbol.
dividedimen@ 3
@tempdimawdtw@
advance@tempdima-scriptspace
%Now @tempdima is the width of the symbol.
divide@tempdima 10
advancedimen@-@tempdima
%Now dimen@ = (italic correction / 3) - (Breite / 10)
ifdimdimen@>z@ dimen@0ptfi
%The bar will be shortened in the case dimen@<0 !
rel@kern{0.6}kern-dimen@
if#31
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@macc@nucleusrel@kern{0.4}kerndimen@}%
advancedimen@0.4dimexprmacc@kerna
%Place the combined final kern (-dimen@) if it is >0 or if a superscript follows:
letfinal@kern#2%
ifdimdimen@<z@ letfinal@kern1fi
iffinal@kern1 kern-dimen@fi
else
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@#1}%
fi
}%
macc@depth@ne
letmath@bgroup@empty letmath@egroupmacc@set@skewchar
mathsurroundz@ frozen@everymath{mathgroupmacc@grouprelax}%
macc@set@skewcharrelax
letmathaccentVmacc@nested@a
%The following initialises macc@kerna and calls mathaccent:
if#31
macc@nested@arelax111{#1}%
else
%If the argument consists of more than one symbol, and if the first token is
%a letter, use that letter for the computations:
defgobble@till@marker##1endmarker{}%
futureletfirst@chargobble@till@marker#1endmarker
ifcatnoexpandfirst@char Aelse
deffirst@char{}%
fi
macc@nested@arelax111{first@char}%
fi
endgroup
}
makeatother
begin{document}
begin{fleqn}
begin{align*}
mathscr F(bar{r}(t))&= int_a^{b} L dt =int_a^{b} left[L frac{dt}{dtau}right]dtau=\
& =int_a^{b} Bigl[-mc^2-qvarphidfrac{1}{sqrt{1-mfrac{u^{2}mathstrut}{c^{2}}}}+qfrac{bar{u}cdot widebar{A}}{sqrt{1-mfrac{u^{2}}{c^{2}}}}Bigr] dtau=& &&&\
& =int_a^{b} left[-mc^2+q,boldsymbol{mathcal{U}}cdot boldsymbol{mathcal{A}}right] dtau\
end{align*}
end{fleqn}
end{document}
answered 3 hours ago
BernardBernard
171k775203
171k775203
add a comment |
add a comment |
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It is not
eqnarray
. Use a single&
per line, before the first=
.– egreg
3 hours ago
@egreg Kindest Prof. I ask you a kindness; please can you give me a complete answer with the directions that I have given? I hope that the translation from Italian into English with DeepL is clear. Thank you in advance.
– Sebastiano
3 hours ago
Is it normal practice where you come from to have an = sign at the end of one line and the start of the next? because it definitely isn't here, you shouldn't have one at the end of the line
– Au101
3 hours ago