Examples of words that are monomorphemic in English, but polymorphemic in other languages
I'm looking for words that are monomorphemic in English – preferably basic words describing things in nature such as star, water, tree, grass, etc. – but polymorphemic in other languages. It would be great if you could then also name the individual morphemes of the words.
Why am I interested in this? I'm currently writing a paper in which I want to criticize Jerry Fodor's thesis that there is a "language of thought" (call it "Mentalese") that is universal to all humans and prior to all public languages. He upholds a kind of linguistic atomism in which the meaning of a phrase (or in this case, a thought) is derived from the meaning of its basic constituents (in this case, its basic concepts). Fodor argues that basic concepts are those concepts that are expressed by monomorphemic names for individuals and kinds (like the above examples). He exclusively uses English as an example, however.
If I can provide some examples of words that would be monomorphemic in English and thus very good candidates for being basic concepts, but are formed out of multiple morphemes in other languages, then I can argue that Fodor either cannot say anything substantial on what basic conepts are, or that he must admit that the language we speak shapes the way we think, a thesis he admantly rejects.
Since I only know German and English, I would be very thankful for examples.
morphology philosophy-of-language morphemes
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show 1 more comment
I'm looking for words that are monomorphemic in English – preferably basic words describing things in nature such as star, water, tree, grass, etc. – but polymorphemic in other languages. It would be great if you could then also name the individual morphemes of the words.
Why am I interested in this? I'm currently writing a paper in which I want to criticize Jerry Fodor's thesis that there is a "language of thought" (call it "Mentalese") that is universal to all humans and prior to all public languages. He upholds a kind of linguistic atomism in which the meaning of a phrase (or in this case, a thought) is derived from the meaning of its basic constituents (in this case, its basic concepts). Fodor argues that basic concepts are those concepts that are expressed by monomorphemic names for individuals and kinds (like the above examples). He exclusively uses English as an example, however.
If I can provide some examples of words that would be monomorphemic in English and thus very good candidates for being basic concepts, but are formed out of multiple morphemes in other languages, then I can argue that Fodor either cannot say anything substantial on what basic conepts are, or that he must admit that the language we speak shapes the way we think, a thesis he admantly rejects.
Since I only know German and English, I would be very thankful for examples.
morphology philosophy-of-language morphemes
New contributor
2
You can also look for words that are polymorphemic in English but monomorphemic in other languages. The demonstration will be more rigorous showing some arbitrary in the word formation as it was stated by Saussure.
– amegnunsen
yesterday
7
Basic colour is a great indicator for this - "pink" is monomorphemic in English, but a derivative of powder "粉" and red "紅" in Chinese. Conversely, "azzurro" in Italian would be "sky blue" in English (although azure is possible).
– Michaelyus
yesterday
3
What about words that are etymologically polymorphic, but now appear in monomorphic form? For instance, "phone" is derived from "telephone", "piano" is derived from "pianoforte", etc.
– Acccumulation
yesterday
1
Are you familiar with the Language of Space? It seems closely related to what you describe as Fodor's theory, but has much more fundamental (seemingly universal) building blocks than the complex examples you provide.
– Wildcard
yesterday
NSM seems to counter this theory of monomorphemic "Mentalese".
– curiousdannii
yesterday
|
show 1 more comment
I'm looking for words that are monomorphemic in English – preferably basic words describing things in nature such as star, water, tree, grass, etc. – but polymorphemic in other languages. It would be great if you could then also name the individual morphemes of the words.
Why am I interested in this? I'm currently writing a paper in which I want to criticize Jerry Fodor's thesis that there is a "language of thought" (call it "Mentalese") that is universal to all humans and prior to all public languages. He upholds a kind of linguistic atomism in which the meaning of a phrase (or in this case, a thought) is derived from the meaning of its basic constituents (in this case, its basic concepts). Fodor argues that basic concepts are those concepts that are expressed by monomorphemic names for individuals and kinds (like the above examples). He exclusively uses English as an example, however.
If I can provide some examples of words that would be monomorphemic in English and thus very good candidates for being basic concepts, but are formed out of multiple morphemes in other languages, then I can argue that Fodor either cannot say anything substantial on what basic conepts are, or that he must admit that the language we speak shapes the way we think, a thesis he admantly rejects.
Since I only know German and English, I would be very thankful for examples.
morphology philosophy-of-language morphemes
New contributor
I'm looking for words that are monomorphemic in English – preferably basic words describing things in nature such as star, water, tree, grass, etc. – but polymorphemic in other languages. It would be great if you could then also name the individual morphemes of the words.
Why am I interested in this? I'm currently writing a paper in which I want to criticize Jerry Fodor's thesis that there is a "language of thought" (call it "Mentalese") that is universal to all humans and prior to all public languages. He upholds a kind of linguistic atomism in which the meaning of a phrase (or in this case, a thought) is derived from the meaning of its basic constituents (in this case, its basic concepts). Fodor argues that basic concepts are those concepts that are expressed by monomorphemic names for individuals and kinds (like the above examples). He exclusively uses English as an example, however.
If I can provide some examples of words that would be monomorphemic in English and thus very good candidates for being basic concepts, but are formed out of multiple morphemes in other languages, then I can argue that Fodor either cannot say anything substantial on what basic conepts are, or that he must admit that the language we speak shapes the way we think, a thesis he admantly rejects.
Since I only know German and English, I would be very thankful for examples.
morphology philosophy-of-language morphemes
morphology philosophy-of-language morphemes
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edited yesterday
Riker
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Julian Gricksch
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You can also look for words that are polymorphemic in English but monomorphemic in other languages. The demonstration will be more rigorous showing some arbitrary in the word formation as it was stated by Saussure.
– amegnunsen
yesterday
7
Basic colour is a great indicator for this - "pink" is monomorphemic in English, but a derivative of powder "粉" and red "紅" in Chinese. Conversely, "azzurro" in Italian would be "sky blue" in English (although azure is possible).
– Michaelyus
yesterday
3
What about words that are etymologically polymorphic, but now appear in monomorphic form? For instance, "phone" is derived from "telephone", "piano" is derived from "pianoforte", etc.
– Acccumulation
yesterday
1
Are you familiar with the Language of Space? It seems closely related to what you describe as Fodor's theory, but has much more fundamental (seemingly universal) building blocks than the complex examples you provide.
– Wildcard
yesterday
NSM seems to counter this theory of monomorphemic "Mentalese".
– curiousdannii
yesterday
|
show 1 more comment
2
You can also look for words that are polymorphemic in English but monomorphemic in other languages. The demonstration will be more rigorous showing some arbitrary in the word formation as it was stated by Saussure.
– amegnunsen
yesterday
7
Basic colour is a great indicator for this - "pink" is monomorphemic in English, but a derivative of powder "粉" and red "紅" in Chinese. Conversely, "azzurro" in Italian would be "sky blue" in English (although azure is possible).
– Michaelyus
yesterday
3
What about words that are etymologically polymorphic, but now appear in monomorphic form? For instance, "phone" is derived from "telephone", "piano" is derived from "pianoforte", etc.
– Acccumulation
yesterday
1
Are you familiar with the Language of Space? It seems closely related to what you describe as Fodor's theory, but has much more fundamental (seemingly universal) building blocks than the complex examples you provide.
– Wildcard
yesterday
NSM seems to counter this theory of monomorphemic "Mentalese".
– curiousdannii
yesterday
2
2
You can also look for words that are polymorphemic in English but monomorphemic in other languages. The demonstration will be more rigorous showing some arbitrary in the word formation as it was stated by Saussure.
– amegnunsen
yesterday
You can also look for words that are polymorphemic in English but monomorphemic in other languages. The demonstration will be more rigorous showing some arbitrary in the word formation as it was stated by Saussure.
– amegnunsen
yesterday
7
7
Basic colour is a great indicator for this - "pink" is monomorphemic in English, but a derivative of powder "粉" and red "紅" in Chinese. Conversely, "azzurro" in Italian would be "sky blue" in English (although azure is possible).
– Michaelyus
yesterday
Basic colour is a great indicator for this - "pink" is monomorphemic in English, but a derivative of powder "粉" and red "紅" in Chinese. Conversely, "azzurro" in Italian would be "sky blue" in English (although azure is possible).
– Michaelyus
yesterday
3
3
What about words that are etymologically polymorphic, but now appear in monomorphic form? For instance, "phone" is derived from "telephone", "piano" is derived from "pianoforte", etc.
– Acccumulation
yesterday
What about words that are etymologically polymorphic, but now appear in monomorphic form? For instance, "phone" is derived from "telephone", "piano" is derived from "pianoforte", etc.
– Acccumulation
yesterday
1
1
Are you familiar with the Language of Space? It seems closely related to what you describe as Fodor's theory, but has much more fundamental (seemingly universal) building blocks than the complex examples you provide.
– Wildcard
yesterday
Are you familiar with the Language of Space? It seems closely related to what you describe as Fodor's theory, but has much more fundamental (seemingly universal) building blocks than the complex examples you provide.
– Wildcard
yesterday
NSM seems to counter this theory of monomorphemic "Mentalese".
– curiousdannii
yesterday
NSM seems to counter this theory of monomorphemic "Mentalese".
– curiousdannii
yesterday
|
show 1 more comment
4 Answers
4
active
oldest
votes
An example that springs to mind: English "love" vs. Danish "kærlighed", which is actually tri-morphemic, consisting of "kær" (dear), "-lig" (derivational morpheme creating adjectives, thus "kærlig" = "loving") and "-hed" (derivational morpheme creating nouns from adjectives, like English "-ness").
add a comment |
As I understand your interest, you don't need the relationship to be English (monomorphemic) to Other (polymorphemic), it works just as well if you have English being the polymorphemic example and Other being the monomorphemic example. North Saami [gabba] is "all-white reindeer" – there are other words for various coloring, sexes and ages of reindeer, also numerous terms describing states of snow. This is described in a paper "Diversity in Saami terminology for reindeer, snow, and ice" by Ole H. Magga which used to be out there in the wild but is now behind the paywall. He also jievja 'light, nearly white', čuoivvat 'yellowish grey', but also čáhhpat 'black', which is actually polymorphemic (the root "black" is /čáhhpV/ – you would need to investigate proposed examples, but gabba, jievja, čuoivvat are good enough).
So unless we declare that English is The Basic Language, "all-white reindeer" is a basic concept in human language which then implies, given Fodor's general theory, that humans have genetic knowledge that there are reindeer.
add a comment |
One easy source for this is words that used to be polymorphemic, but fossilized by the time they reached English.
For example, "desire", "depend", "destroy", "descend", and "delete" are irreducible in English: there are no verbs *sire, *pend, *stroy, *scend, and *lete. However, in Latin, de- was a productive derivational prefix meaning "down, from, away", and all those words can be analyzed further: the base morphemes mean "star", "hang", "build", "climb", and "smear", respectively. All of these came from Latin through Romance to French and then to English, and by the time they reached English their original derivation was lost.
Many recent loanwords are the same way, though those don't illustrate your point as well. For example, "Inuit" and "Bantu" both mean "the people", and can be decomposed into "person" plus a plural marker (inuk + -it and ba- + ntu).
P.S. Well, okay, "sire" is an English verb, but it's unrelated. The point stands.
EDIT: It seems there are also archaic verbs "pend" and "scend"; however, I've never heard a native speaker use them.
4
dictionary.com/browse/pend
– Acccumulation
yesterday
en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/scend
– obscurans
yesterday
1
As a native English speaker, I use "pend" on a weekly basis (if not even more frequently) at work, to describe the act of postponing a task until a prerequisite has been completed: e.g "we will pend Task A until next week, so that Test B can be run first". This reflects that Task A depends on Test B being completed. We also make regular use of the related term "pending"
– Chronocidal
13 hours ago
add a comment |
I see from earlier answers that you're after words of the same meaning. It wasn't clear to me from the OP that that's how the English and other words are to be related.
The German word for "glove" is "Handschuh".
add a comment |
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An example that springs to mind: English "love" vs. Danish "kærlighed", which is actually tri-morphemic, consisting of "kær" (dear), "-lig" (derivational morpheme creating adjectives, thus "kærlig" = "loving") and "-hed" (derivational morpheme creating nouns from adjectives, like English "-ness").
add a comment |
An example that springs to mind: English "love" vs. Danish "kærlighed", which is actually tri-morphemic, consisting of "kær" (dear), "-lig" (derivational morpheme creating adjectives, thus "kærlig" = "loving") and "-hed" (derivational morpheme creating nouns from adjectives, like English "-ness").
add a comment |
An example that springs to mind: English "love" vs. Danish "kærlighed", which is actually tri-morphemic, consisting of "kær" (dear), "-lig" (derivational morpheme creating adjectives, thus "kærlig" = "loving") and "-hed" (derivational morpheme creating nouns from adjectives, like English "-ness").
An example that springs to mind: English "love" vs. Danish "kærlighed", which is actually tri-morphemic, consisting of "kær" (dear), "-lig" (derivational morpheme creating adjectives, thus "kærlig" = "loving") and "-hed" (derivational morpheme creating nouns from adjectives, like English "-ness").
answered yesterday
pinnerup
1943
1943
add a comment |
add a comment |
As I understand your interest, you don't need the relationship to be English (monomorphemic) to Other (polymorphemic), it works just as well if you have English being the polymorphemic example and Other being the monomorphemic example. North Saami [gabba] is "all-white reindeer" – there are other words for various coloring, sexes and ages of reindeer, also numerous terms describing states of snow. This is described in a paper "Diversity in Saami terminology for reindeer, snow, and ice" by Ole H. Magga which used to be out there in the wild but is now behind the paywall. He also jievja 'light, nearly white', čuoivvat 'yellowish grey', but also čáhhpat 'black', which is actually polymorphemic (the root "black" is /čáhhpV/ – you would need to investigate proposed examples, but gabba, jievja, čuoivvat are good enough).
So unless we declare that English is The Basic Language, "all-white reindeer" is a basic concept in human language which then implies, given Fodor's general theory, that humans have genetic knowledge that there are reindeer.
add a comment |
As I understand your interest, you don't need the relationship to be English (monomorphemic) to Other (polymorphemic), it works just as well if you have English being the polymorphemic example and Other being the monomorphemic example. North Saami [gabba] is "all-white reindeer" – there are other words for various coloring, sexes and ages of reindeer, also numerous terms describing states of snow. This is described in a paper "Diversity in Saami terminology for reindeer, snow, and ice" by Ole H. Magga which used to be out there in the wild but is now behind the paywall. He also jievja 'light, nearly white', čuoivvat 'yellowish grey', but also čáhhpat 'black', which is actually polymorphemic (the root "black" is /čáhhpV/ – you would need to investigate proposed examples, but gabba, jievja, čuoivvat are good enough).
So unless we declare that English is The Basic Language, "all-white reindeer" is a basic concept in human language which then implies, given Fodor's general theory, that humans have genetic knowledge that there are reindeer.
add a comment |
As I understand your interest, you don't need the relationship to be English (monomorphemic) to Other (polymorphemic), it works just as well if you have English being the polymorphemic example and Other being the monomorphemic example. North Saami [gabba] is "all-white reindeer" – there are other words for various coloring, sexes and ages of reindeer, also numerous terms describing states of snow. This is described in a paper "Diversity in Saami terminology for reindeer, snow, and ice" by Ole H. Magga which used to be out there in the wild but is now behind the paywall. He also jievja 'light, nearly white', čuoivvat 'yellowish grey', but also čáhhpat 'black', which is actually polymorphemic (the root "black" is /čáhhpV/ – you would need to investigate proposed examples, but gabba, jievja, čuoivvat are good enough).
So unless we declare that English is The Basic Language, "all-white reindeer" is a basic concept in human language which then implies, given Fodor's general theory, that humans have genetic knowledge that there are reindeer.
As I understand your interest, you don't need the relationship to be English (monomorphemic) to Other (polymorphemic), it works just as well if you have English being the polymorphemic example and Other being the monomorphemic example. North Saami [gabba] is "all-white reindeer" – there are other words for various coloring, sexes and ages of reindeer, also numerous terms describing states of snow. This is described in a paper "Diversity in Saami terminology for reindeer, snow, and ice" by Ole H. Magga which used to be out there in the wild but is now behind the paywall. He also jievja 'light, nearly white', čuoivvat 'yellowish grey', but also čáhhpat 'black', which is actually polymorphemic (the root "black" is /čáhhpV/ – you would need to investigate proposed examples, but gabba, jievja, čuoivvat are good enough).
So unless we declare that English is The Basic Language, "all-white reindeer" is a basic concept in human language which then implies, given Fodor's general theory, that humans have genetic knowledge that there are reindeer.
answered yesterday
user6726
33.9k12465
33.9k12465
add a comment |
add a comment |
One easy source for this is words that used to be polymorphemic, but fossilized by the time they reached English.
For example, "desire", "depend", "destroy", "descend", and "delete" are irreducible in English: there are no verbs *sire, *pend, *stroy, *scend, and *lete. However, in Latin, de- was a productive derivational prefix meaning "down, from, away", and all those words can be analyzed further: the base morphemes mean "star", "hang", "build", "climb", and "smear", respectively. All of these came from Latin through Romance to French and then to English, and by the time they reached English their original derivation was lost.
Many recent loanwords are the same way, though those don't illustrate your point as well. For example, "Inuit" and "Bantu" both mean "the people", and can be decomposed into "person" plus a plural marker (inuk + -it and ba- + ntu).
P.S. Well, okay, "sire" is an English verb, but it's unrelated. The point stands.
EDIT: It seems there are also archaic verbs "pend" and "scend"; however, I've never heard a native speaker use them.
4
dictionary.com/browse/pend
– Acccumulation
yesterday
en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/scend
– obscurans
yesterday
1
As a native English speaker, I use "pend" on a weekly basis (if not even more frequently) at work, to describe the act of postponing a task until a prerequisite has been completed: e.g "we will pend Task A until next week, so that Test B can be run first". This reflects that Task A depends on Test B being completed. We also make regular use of the related term "pending"
– Chronocidal
13 hours ago
add a comment |
One easy source for this is words that used to be polymorphemic, but fossilized by the time they reached English.
For example, "desire", "depend", "destroy", "descend", and "delete" are irreducible in English: there are no verbs *sire, *pend, *stroy, *scend, and *lete. However, in Latin, de- was a productive derivational prefix meaning "down, from, away", and all those words can be analyzed further: the base morphemes mean "star", "hang", "build", "climb", and "smear", respectively. All of these came from Latin through Romance to French and then to English, and by the time they reached English their original derivation was lost.
Many recent loanwords are the same way, though those don't illustrate your point as well. For example, "Inuit" and "Bantu" both mean "the people", and can be decomposed into "person" plus a plural marker (inuk + -it and ba- + ntu).
P.S. Well, okay, "sire" is an English verb, but it's unrelated. The point stands.
EDIT: It seems there are also archaic verbs "pend" and "scend"; however, I've never heard a native speaker use them.
4
dictionary.com/browse/pend
– Acccumulation
yesterday
en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/scend
– obscurans
yesterday
1
As a native English speaker, I use "pend" on a weekly basis (if not even more frequently) at work, to describe the act of postponing a task until a prerequisite has been completed: e.g "we will pend Task A until next week, so that Test B can be run first". This reflects that Task A depends on Test B being completed. We also make regular use of the related term "pending"
– Chronocidal
13 hours ago
add a comment |
One easy source for this is words that used to be polymorphemic, but fossilized by the time they reached English.
For example, "desire", "depend", "destroy", "descend", and "delete" are irreducible in English: there are no verbs *sire, *pend, *stroy, *scend, and *lete. However, in Latin, de- was a productive derivational prefix meaning "down, from, away", and all those words can be analyzed further: the base morphemes mean "star", "hang", "build", "climb", and "smear", respectively. All of these came from Latin through Romance to French and then to English, and by the time they reached English their original derivation was lost.
Many recent loanwords are the same way, though those don't illustrate your point as well. For example, "Inuit" and "Bantu" both mean "the people", and can be decomposed into "person" plus a plural marker (inuk + -it and ba- + ntu).
P.S. Well, okay, "sire" is an English verb, but it's unrelated. The point stands.
EDIT: It seems there are also archaic verbs "pend" and "scend"; however, I've never heard a native speaker use them.
One easy source for this is words that used to be polymorphemic, but fossilized by the time they reached English.
For example, "desire", "depend", "destroy", "descend", and "delete" are irreducible in English: there are no verbs *sire, *pend, *stroy, *scend, and *lete. However, in Latin, de- was a productive derivational prefix meaning "down, from, away", and all those words can be analyzed further: the base morphemes mean "star", "hang", "build", "climb", and "smear", respectively. All of these came from Latin through Romance to French and then to English, and by the time they reached English their original derivation was lost.
Many recent loanwords are the same way, though those don't illustrate your point as well. For example, "Inuit" and "Bantu" both mean "the people", and can be decomposed into "person" plus a plural marker (inuk + -it and ba- + ntu).
P.S. Well, okay, "sire" is an English verb, but it's unrelated. The point stands.
EDIT: It seems there are also archaic verbs "pend" and "scend"; however, I've never heard a native speaker use them.
edited 21 hours ago
answered yesterday
Draconis
9,4571339
9,4571339
4
dictionary.com/browse/pend
– Acccumulation
yesterday
en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/scend
– obscurans
yesterday
1
As a native English speaker, I use "pend" on a weekly basis (if not even more frequently) at work, to describe the act of postponing a task until a prerequisite has been completed: e.g "we will pend Task A until next week, so that Test B can be run first". This reflects that Task A depends on Test B being completed. We also make regular use of the related term "pending"
– Chronocidal
13 hours ago
add a comment |
4
dictionary.com/browse/pend
– Acccumulation
yesterday
en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/scend
– obscurans
yesterday
1
As a native English speaker, I use "pend" on a weekly basis (if not even more frequently) at work, to describe the act of postponing a task until a prerequisite has been completed: e.g "we will pend Task A until next week, so that Test B can be run first". This reflects that Task A depends on Test B being completed. We also make regular use of the related term "pending"
– Chronocidal
13 hours ago
4
4
dictionary.com/browse/pend
– Acccumulation
yesterday
dictionary.com/browse/pend
– Acccumulation
yesterday
en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/scend
– obscurans
yesterday
en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/scend
– obscurans
yesterday
1
1
As a native English speaker, I use "pend" on a weekly basis (if not even more frequently) at work, to describe the act of postponing a task until a prerequisite has been completed: e.g "we will pend Task A until next week, so that Test B can be run first". This reflects that Task A depends on Test B being completed. We also make regular use of the related term "pending"
– Chronocidal
13 hours ago
As a native English speaker, I use "pend" on a weekly basis (if not even more frequently) at work, to describe the act of postponing a task until a prerequisite has been completed: e.g "we will pend Task A until next week, so that Test B can be run first". This reflects that Task A depends on Test B being completed. We also make regular use of the related term "pending"
– Chronocidal
13 hours ago
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I see from earlier answers that you're after words of the same meaning. It wasn't clear to me from the OP that that's how the English and other words are to be related.
The German word for "glove" is "Handschuh".
add a comment |
I see from earlier answers that you're after words of the same meaning. It wasn't clear to me from the OP that that's how the English and other words are to be related.
The German word for "glove" is "Handschuh".
add a comment |
I see from earlier answers that you're after words of the same meaning. It wasn't clear to me from the OP that that's how the English and other words are to be related.
The German word for "glove" is "Handschuh".
I see from earlier answers that you're after words of the same meaning. It wasn't clear to me from the OP that that's how the English and other words are to be related.
The German word for "glove" is "Handschuh".
answered yesterday
Rosie F
31215
31215
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Julian Gricksch is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.
Julian Gricksch is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.
Julian Gricksch is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.
Julian Gricksch is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.
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2
You can also look for words that are polymorphemic in English but monomorphemic in other languages. The demonstration will be more rigorous showing some arbitrary in the word formation as it was stated by Saussure.
– amegnunsen
yesterday
7
Basic colour is a great indicator for this - "pink" is monomorphemic in English, but a derivative of powder "粉" and red "紅" in Chinese. Conversely, "azzurro" in Italian would be "sky blue" in English (although azure is possible).
– Michaelyus
yesterday
3
What about words that are etymologically polymorphic, but now appear in monomorphic form? For instance, "phone" is derived from "telephone", "piano" is derived from "pianoforte", etc.
– Acccumulation
yesterday
1
Are you familiar with the Language of Space? It seems closely related to what you describe as Fodor's theory, but has much more fundamental (seemingly universal) building blocks than the complex examples you provide.
– Wildcard
yesterday
NSM seems to counter this theory of monomorphemic "Mentalese".
– curiousdannii
yesterday