What does the number after Unix/Linux file permissions like “-rw-rw-r--. 1 ” mean in “ls -l” output
Can any one explain -rw-rw-r--. 1
and give some "detailed" information on ls -lart command.
Specifically, what does the number 1
after the file permissions mean?
Why does it change or why is it different for different files?
linux unix permissions ls
migrated from stackoverflow.com Sep 21 '12 at 9:59
This question came from our site for professional and enthusiast programmers.
add a comment |
Can any one explain -rw-rw-r--. 1
and give some "detailed" information on ls -lart command.
Specifically, what does the number 1
after the file permissions mean?
Why does it change or why is it different for different files?
linux unix permissions ls
migrated from stackoverflow.com Sep 21 '12 at 9:59
This question came from our site for professional and enthusiast programmers.
3
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/…
– Karoly Horvath
Sep 21 '12 at 10:03
1
Have you tried finding information yourself (manual pages, etc.)? Was the information unclear?
– Daniel Andersson
Sep 21 '12 at 10:14
@yi_H, I don't see any information on the number after the permissions.
– Shahbaz
Sep 21 '12 at 10:25
I was sure user1688102's question had already been asked and answered but can't find it. @Shahbaz: it;s the number of references to the same inode, i.e. the number of hard-links, i.e. the number of different names for the same file (excluding soft-links).
– RedGrittyBrick
Sep 21 '12 at 10:40
I've seen the man ls page. The information was not clear and no information was provided regarding permissions in man ls @Daniel
– VAR121
Sep 21 '12 at 12:03
add a comment |
Can any one explain -rw-rw-r--. 1
and give some "detailed" information on ls -lart command.
Specifically, what does the number 1
after the file permissions mean?
Why does it change or why is it different for different files?
linux unix permissions ls
Can any one explain -rw-rw-r--. 1
and give some "detailed" information on ls -lart command.
Specifically, what does the number 1
after the file permissions mean?
Why does it change or why is it different for different files?
linux unix permissions ls
linux unix permissions ls
edited Mar 13 '18 at 21:41
Patrick M
204411
204411
asked Sep 21 '12 at 9:56
VAR121VAR121
65113
65113
migrated from stackoverflow.com Sep 21 '12 at 9:59
This question came from our site for professional and enthusiast programmers.
migrated from stackoverflow.com Sep 21 '12 at 9:59
This question came from our site for professional and enthusiast programmers.
3
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/…
– Karoly Horvath
Sep 21 '12 at 10:03
1
Have you tried finding information yourself (manual pages, etc.)? Was the information unclear?
– Daniel Andersson
Sep 21 '12 at 10:14
@yi_H, I don't see any information on the number after the permissions.
– Shahbaz
Sep 21 '12 at 10:25
I was sure user1688102's question had already been asked and answered but can't find it. @Shahbaz: it;s the number of references to the same inode, i.e. the number of hard-links, i.e. the number of different names for the same file (excluding soft-links).
– RedGrittyBrick
Sep 21 '12 at 10:40
I've seen the man ls page. The information was not clear and no information was provided regarding permissions in man ls @Daniel
– VAR121
Sep 21 '12 at 12:03
add a comment |
3
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/…
– Karoly Horvath
Sep 21 '12 at 10:03
1
Have you tried finding information yourself (manual pages, etc.)? Was the information unclear?
– Daniel Andersson
Sep 21 '12 at 10:14
@yi_H, I don't see any information on the number after the permissions.
– Shahbaz
Sep 21 '12 at 10:25
I was sure user1688102's question had already been asked and answered but can't find it. @Shahbaz: it;s the number of references to the same inode, i.e. the number of hard-links, i.e. the number of different names for the same file (excluding soft-links).
– RedGrittyBrick
Sep 21 '12 at 10:40
I've seen the man ls page. The information was not clear and no information was provided regarding permissions in man ls @Daniel
– VAR121
Sep 21 '12 at 12:03
3
3
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/…
– Karoly Horvath
Sep 21 '12 at 10:03
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/…
– Karoly Horvath
Sep 21 '12 at 10:03
1
1
Have you tried finding information yourself (manual pages, etc.)? Was the information unclear?
– Daniel Andersson
Sep 21 '12 at 10:14
Have you tried finding information yourself (manual pages, etc.)? Was the information unclear?
– Daniel Andersson
Sep 21 '12 at 10:14
@yi_H, I don't see any information on the number after the permissions.
– Shahbaz
Sep 21 '12 at 10:25
@yi_H, I don't see any information on the number after the permissions.
– Shahbaz
Sep 21 '12 at 10:25
I was sure user1688102's question had already been asked and answered but can't find it. @Shahbaz: it;s the number of references to the same inode, i.e. the number of hard-links, i.e. the number of different names for the same file (excluding soft-links).
– RedGrittyBrick
Sep 21 '12 at 10:40
I was sure user1688102's question had already been asked and answered but can't find it. @Shahbaz: it;s the number of references to the same inode, i.e. the number of hard-links, i.e. the number of different names for the same file (excluding soft-links).
– RedGrittyBrick
Sep 21 '12 at 10:40
I've seen the man ls page. The information was not clear and no information was provided regarding permissions in man ls @Daniel
– VAR121
Sep 21 '12 at 12:03
I've seen the man ls page. The information was not clear and no information was provided regarding permissions in man ls @Daniel
– VAR121
Sep 21 '12 at 12:03
add a comment |
3 Answers
3
active
oldest
votes
Some examples:
-rwxrw-r-- 1
is a file with read, write and execute privileges for the owner. The group has read and write, and others have only read. There are no links to this data.
drwxr-xr-x 10
is a directory with 8 files. The extra 2 are .
and ..
. Only the owner can create files in this directory, others can access which files are in the directory, and read the contents of those files if the privileges allow.
-r-------- 2
is a file which only the owner can read, but cannot execute or modify. It has a link, which means there is another file reference on disk somewhere that accesses the same data. So the actual "file content" on disk has 2 "files" referencing it. These links are often created using ln
without supplying -s
.
So:
- Character 1 is node type: commonly
-
ord
indicating file or directory. - Characters 2, 3, 4 indicate
r
ead,w
rite, and ex
ecute for the owner. - Characters 5, 6, 7 do the same for the group.
- Characters 8, 9, 10 do the same for others.
- The number succeeding permission characters indicates the number of links if the node is a file, and number of "sub-nodes" if the node is a directory.
See chapter The Long Format of man ls
.
As @sapht said the number(for a directory) at the end implies the number of files in a directory is wrong I guess. Because I have thousands of files in directory and it is still showing 2
– VAR121
Sep 21 '12 at 12:08
I've never seen an ls that doesn't print directory subnode count using long format. Which OS/distribution are you on? Gnu ls, , busybox and darwin all print the node count. Is it really a directory and not another node type?
– sapht
Sep 21 '12 at 15:17
add a comment |
In short: It is the number of hard-links to the contents of the file. 1 means no hard-links, 2 means this and another filename share the same contents, etc.
For directories most but not all filesystems report a link count of 2+nr_of_subdirs (for more info read this)
add a comment |
[max@localhost ~]$ ll
total 4
drwxrwxr-x 2 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:11 zzz
Here 2 means number of link count
now I will create 3 directories inside zzz
now value changes to 5
[max@localhost ~]$ cd zzz
[max@localhost zzz]$ mkdir a b c
drwxrwxr-x 5 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:16 .
drwx------ 5 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:12 ..
drwxrwxr-x 2 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:16 a
drwxrwxr-x 2 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:16 b
drwxrwxr-x 2 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:16 c
[max@localhost zzz]$ cd
[max@localhost ~]$ ll
total 4
drwxrwxr-x 5 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:16 zzz
That is because now 5 directories are present inside zzz 3 are a
b
c
and 2 are hidden directories .
..
if I create file then nothing will happen to link count
[max@localhost zzz]$ touch 1 2 3
[max@localhost zzz]$ ls -al
total 20
drwxrwxr-x 5 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:26 . ------> current directory link count
drwx------ 5 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:12 .. ------> parent directory link count
-rw-rw-r-- 1 max max 0 Sep 25 17:26 1
-rw-rw-r-- 1 max max 0 Sep 25 17:26 2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 max max 0 Sep 25 17:26 3
drwxrwxr-x 2 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:16 a
drwxrwxr-x 2 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:16 b
drwxrwxr-x 2 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:16 c
[max@localhost zzz]$ cd
[max@localhost ~]$ ll
total 4
drwxrwxr-x 5 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:26 zzz
but if I delete any directory then link count will change
[max@localhost zzz]$ rmdir b c
[max@localhost zzz]$ cd
[max@localhost ~]$ ll
total 4
drwxrwxr-x 3 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:28 zzz
Much (maybe too much) detail for dirs not a word for files.
– ndemou
Jan 16 at 16:26
add a comment |
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3 Answers
3
active
oldest
votes
3 Answers
3
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
Some examples:
-rwxrw-r-- 1
is a file with read, write and execute privileges for the owner. The group has read and write, and others have only read. There are no links to this data.
drwxr-xr-x 10
is a directory with 8 files. The extra 2 are .
and ..
. Only the owner can create files in this directory, others can access which files are in the directory, and read the contents of those files if the privileges allow.
-r-------- 2
is a file which only the owner can read, but cannot execute or modify. It has a link, which means there is another file reference on disk somewhere that accesses the same data. So the actual "file content" on disk has 2 "files" referencing it. These links are often created using ln
without supplying -s
.
So:
- Character 1 is node type: commonly
-
ord
indicating file or directory. - Characters 2, 3, 4 indicate
r
ead,w
rite, and ex
ecute for the owner. - Characters 5, 6, 7 do the same for the group.
- Characters 8, 9, 10 do the same for others.
- The number succeeding permission characters indicates the number of links if the node is a file, and number of "sub-nodes" if the node is a directory.
See chapter The Long Format of man ls
.
As @sapht said the number(for a directory) at the end implies the number of files in a directory is wrong I guess. Because I have thousands of files in directory and it is still showing 2
– VAR121
Sep 21 '12 at 12:08
I've never seen an ls that doesn't print directory subnode count using long format. Which OS/distribution are you on? Gnu ls, , busybox and darwin all print the node count. Is it really a directory and not another node type?
– sapht
Sep 21 '12 at 15:17
add a comment |
Some examples:
-rwxrw-r-- 1
is a file with read, write and execute privileges for the owner. The group has read and write, and others have only read. There are no links to this data.
drwxr-xr-x 10
is a directory with 8 files. The extra 2 are .
and ..
. Only the owner can create files in this directory, others can access which files are in the directory, and read the contents of those files if the privileges allow.
-r-------- 2
is a file which only the owner can read, but cannot execute or modify. It has a link, which means there is another file reference on disk somewhere that accesses the same data. So the actual "file content" on disk has 2 "files" referencing it. These links are often created using ln
without supplying -s
.
So:
- Character 1 is node type: commonly
-
ord
indicating file or directory. - Characters 2, 3, 4 indicate
r
ead,w
rite, and ex
ecute for the owner. - Characters 5, 6, 7 do the same for the group.
- Characters 8, 9, 10 do the same for others.
- The number succeeding permission characters indicates the number of links if the node is a file, and number of "sub-nodes" if the node is a directory.
See chapter The Long Format of man ls
.
As @sapht said the number(for a directory) at the end implies the number of files in a directory is wrong I guess. Because I have thousands of files in directory and it is still showing 2
– VAR121
Sep 21 '12 at 12:08
I've never seen an ls that doesn't print directory subnode count using long format. Which OS/distribution are you on? Gnu ls, , busybox and darwin all print the node count. Is it really a directory and not another node type?
– sapht
Sep 21 '12 at 15:17
add a comment |
Some examples:
-rwxrw-r-- 1
is a file with read, write and execute privileges for the owner. The group has read and write, and others have only read. There are no links to this data.
drwxr-xr-x 10
is a directory with 8 files. The extra 2 are .
and ..
. Only the owner can create files in this directory, others can access which files are in the directory, and read the contents of those files if the privileges allow.
-r-------- 2
is a file which only the owner can read, but cannot execute or modify. It has a link, which means there is another file reference on disk somewhere that accesses the same data. So the actual "file content" on disk has 2 "files" referencing it. These links are often created using ln
without supplying -s
.
So:
- Character 1 is node type: commonly
-
ord
indicating file or directory. - Characters 2, 3, 4 indicate
r
ead,w
rite, and ex
ecute for the owner. - Characters 5, 6, 7 do the same for the group.
- Characters 8, 9, 10 do the same for others.
- The number succeeding permission characters indicates the number of links if the node is a file, and number of "sub-nodes" if the node is a directory.
See chapter The Long Format of man ls
.
Some examples:
-rwxrw-r-- 1
is a file with read, write and execute privileges for the owner. The group has read and write, and others have only read. There are no links to this data.
drwxr-xr-x 10
is a directory with 8 files. The extra 2 are .
and ..
. Only the owner can create files in this directory, others can access which files are in the directory, and read the contents of those files if the privileges allow.
-r-------- 2
is a file which only the owner can read, but cannot execute or modify. It has a link, which means there is another file reference on disk somewhere that accesses the same data. So the actual "file content" on disk has 2 "files" referencing it. These links are often created using ln
without supplying -s
.
So:
- Character 1 is node type: commonly
-
ord
indicating file or directory. - Characters 2, 3, 4 indicate
r
ead,w
rite, and ex
ecute for the owner. - Characters 5, 6, 7 do the same for the group.
- Characters 8, 9, 10 do the same for others.
- The number succeeding permission characters indicates the number of links if the node is a file, and number of "sub-nodes" if the node is a directory.
See chapter The Long Format of man ls
.
answered Sep 21 '12 at 10:05
saphtsapht
24017
24017
As @sapht said the number(for a directory) at the end implies the number of files in a directory is wrong I guess. Because I have thousands of files in directory and it is still showing 2
– VAR121
Sep 21 '12 at 12:08
I've never seen an ls that doesn't print directory subnode count using long format. Which OS/distribution are you on? Gnu ls, , busybox and darwin all print the node count. Is it really a directory and not another node type?
– sapht
Sep 21 '12 at 15:17
add a comment |
As @sapht said the number(for a directory) at the end implies the number of files in a directory is wrong I guess. Because I have thousands of files in directory and it is still showing 2
– VAR121
Sep 21 '12 at 12:08
I've never seen an ls that doesn't print directory subnode count using long format. Which OS/distribution are you on? Gnu ls, , busybox and darwin all print the node count. Is it really a directory and not another node type?
– sapht
Sep 21 '12 at 15:17
As @sapht said the number(for a directory) at the end implies the number of files in a directory is wrong I guess. Because I have thousands of files in directory and it is still showing 2
– VAR121
Sep 21 '12 at 12:08
As @sapht said the number(for a directory) at the end implies the number of files in a directory is wrong I guess. Because I have thousands of files in directory and it is still showing 2
– VAR121
Sep 21 '12 at 12:08
I've never seen an ls that doesn't print directory subnode count using long format. Which OS/distribution are you on? Gnu ls, , busybox and darwin all print the node count. Is it really a directory and not another node type?
– sapht
Sep 21 '12 at 15:17
I've never seen an ls that doesn't print directory subnode count using long format. Which OS/distribution are you on? Gnu ls, , busybox and darwin all print the node count. Is it really a directory and not another node type?
– sapht
Sep 21 '12 at 15:17
add a comment |
In short: It is the number of hard-links to the contents of the file. 1 means no hard-links, 2 means this and another filename share the same contents, etc.
For directories most but not all filesystems report a link count of 2+nr_of_subdirs (for more info read this)
add a comment |
In short: It is the number of hard-links to the contents of the file. 1 means no hard-links, 2 means this and another filename share the same contents, etc.
For directories most but not all filesystems report a link count of 2+nr_of_subdirs (for more info read this)
add a comment |
In short: It is the number of hard-links to the contents of the file. 1 means no hard-links, 2 means this and another filename share the same contents, etc.
For directories most but not all filesystems report a link count of 2+nr_of_subdirs (for more info read this)
In short: It is the number of hard-links to the contents of the file. 1 means no hard-links, 2 means this and another filename share the same contents, etc.
For directories most but not all filesystems report a link count of 2+nr_of_subdirs (for more info read this)
edited Jan 16 at 16:30
answered Jan 16 at 14:38
ndemoundemou
327211
327211
add a comment |
add a comment |
[max@localhost ~]$ ll
total 4
drwxrwxr-x 2 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:11 zzz
Here 2 means number of link count
now I will create 3 directories inside zzz
now value changes to 5
[max@localhost ~]$ cd zzz
[max@localhost zzz]$ mkdir a b c
drwxrwxr-x 5 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:16 .
drwx------ 5 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:12 ..
drwxrwxr-x 2 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:16 a
drwxrwxr-x 2 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:16 b
drwxrwxr-x 2 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:16 c
[max@localhost zzz]$ cd
[max@localhost ~]$ ll
total 4
drwxrwxr-x 5 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:16 zzz
That is because now 5 directories are present inside zzz 3 are a
b
c
and 2 are hidden directories .
..
if I create file then nothing will happen to link count
[max@localhost zzz]$ touch 1 2 3
[max@localhost zzz]$ ls -al
total 20
drwxrwxr-x 5 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:26 . ------> current directory link count
drwx------ 5 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:12 .. ------> parent directory link count
-rw-rw-r-- 1 max max 0 Sep 25 17:26 1
-rw-rw-r-- 1 max max 0 Sep 25 17:26 2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 max max 0 Sep 25 17:26 3
drwxrwxr-x 2 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:16 a
drwxrwxr-x 2 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:16 b
drwxrwxr-x 2 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:16 c
[max@localhost zzz]$ cd
[max@localhost ~]$ ll
total 4
drwxrwxr-x 5 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:26 zzz
but if I delete any directory then link count will change
[max@localhost zzz]$ rmdir b c
[max@localhost zzz]$ cd
[max@localhost ~]$ ll
total 4
drwxrwxr-x 3 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:28 zzz
Much (maybe too much) detail for dirs not a word for files.
– ndemou
Jan 16 at 16:26
add a comment |
[max@localhost ~]$ ll
total 4
drwxrwxr-x 2 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:11 zzz
Here 2 means number of link count
now I will create 3 directories inside zzz
now value changes to 5
[max@localhost ~]$ cd zzz
[max@localhost zzz]$ mkdir a b c
drwxrwxr-x 5 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:16 .
drwx------ 5 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:12 ..
drwxrwxr-x 2 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:16 a
drwxrwxr-x 2 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:16 b
drwxrwxr-x 2 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:16 c
[max@localhost zzz]$ cd
[max@localhost ~]$ ll
total 4
drwxrwxr-x 5 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:16 zzz
That is because now 5 directories are present inside zzz 3 are a
b
c
and 2 are hidden directories .
..
if I create file then nothing will happen to link count
[max@localhost zzz]$ touch 1 2 3
[max@localhost zzz]$ ls -al
total 20
drwxrwxr-x 5 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:26 . ------> current directory link count
drwx------ 5 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:12 .. ------> parent directory link count
-rw-rw-r-- 1 max max 0 Sep 25 17:26 1
-rw-rw-r-- 1 max max 0 Sep 25 17:26 2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 max max 0 Sep 25 17:26 3
drwxrwxr-x 2 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:16 a
drwxrwxr-x 2 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:16 b
drwxrwxr-x 2 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:16 c
[max@localhost zzz]$ cd
[max@localhost ~]$ ll
total 4
drwxrwxr-x 5 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:26 zzz
but if I delete any directory then link count will change
[max@localhost zzz]$ rmdir b c
[max@localhost zzz]$ cd
[max@localhost ~]$ ll
total 4
drwxrwxr-x 3 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:28 zzz
Much (maybe too much) detail for dirs not a word for files.
– ndemou
Jan 16 at 16:26
add a comment |
[max@localhost ~]$ ll
total 4
drwxrwxr-x 2 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:11 zzz
Here 2 means number of link count
now I will create 3 directories inside zzz
now value changes to 5
[max@localhost ~]$ cd zzz
[max@localhost zzz]$ mkdir a b c
drwxrwxr-x 5 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:16 .
drwx------ 5 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:12 ..
drwxrwxr-x 2 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:16 a
drwxrwxr-x 2 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:16 b
drwxrwxr-x 2 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:16 c
[max@localhost zzz]$ cd
[max@localhost ~]$ ll
total 4
drwxrwxr-x 5 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:16 zzz
That is because now 5 directories are present inside zzz 3 are a
b
c
and 2 are hidden directories .
..
if I create file then nothing will happen to link count
[max@localhost zzz]$ touch 1 2 3
[max@localhost zzz]$ ls -al
total 20
drwxrwxr-x 5 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:26 . ------> current directory link count
drwx------ 5 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:12 .. ------> parent directory link count
-rw-rw-r-- 1 max max 0 Sep 25 17:26 1
-rw-rw-r-- 1 max max 0 Sep 25 17:26 2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 max max 0 Sep 25 17:26 3
drwxrwxr-x 2 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:16 a
drwxrwxr-x 2 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:16 b
drwxrwxr-x 2 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:16 c
[max@localhost zzz]$ cd
[max@localhost ~]$ ll
total 4
drwxrwxr-x 5 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:26 zzz
but if I delete any directory then link count will change
[max@localhost zzz]$ rmdir b c
[max@localhost zzz]$ cd
[max@localhost ~]$ ll
total 4
drwxrwxr-x 3 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:28 zzz
[max@localhost ~]$ ll
total 4
drwxrwxr-x 2 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:11 zzz
Here 2 means number of link count
now I will create 3 directories inside zzz
now value changes to 5
[max@localhost ~]$ cd zzz
[max@localhost zzz]$ mkdir a b c
drwxrwxr-x 5 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:16 .
drwx------ 5 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:12 ..
drwxrwxr-x 2 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:16 a
drwxrwxr-x 2 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:16 b
drwxrwxr-x 2 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:16 c
[max@localhost zzz]$ cd
[max@localhost ~]$ ll
total 4
drwxrwxr-x 5 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:16 zzz
That is because now 5 directories are present inside zzz 3 are a
b
c
and 2 are hidden directories .
..
if I create file then nothing will happen to link count
[max@localhost zzz]$ touch 1 2 3
[max@localhost zzz]$ ls -al
total 20
drwxrwxr-x 5 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:26 . ------> current directory link count
drwx------ 5 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:12 .. ------> parent directory link count
-rw-rw-r-- 1 max max 0 Sep 25 17:26 1
-rw-rw-r-- 1 max max 0 Sep 25 17:26 2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 max max 0 Sep 25 17:26 3
drwxrwxr-x 2 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:16 a
drwxrwxr-x 2 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:16 b
drwxrwxr-x 2 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:16 c
[max@localhost zzz]$ cd
[max@localhost ~]$ ll
total 4
drwxrwxr-x 5 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:26 zzz
but if I delete any directory then link count will change
[max@localhost zzz]$ rmdir b c
[max@localhost zzz]$ cd
[max@localhost ~]$ ll
total 4
drwxrwxr-x 3 max max 4096 Sep 25 17:28 zzz
answered Sep 25 '12 at 12:10
maxmax
2,49794261
2,49794261
Much (maybe too much) detail for dirs not a word for files.
– ndemou
Jan 16 at 16:26
add a comment |
Much (maybe too much) detail for dirs not a word for files.
– ndemou
Jan 16 at 16:26
Much (maybe too much) detail for dirs not a word for files.
– ndemou
Jan 16 at 16:26
Much (maybe too much) detail for dirs not a word for files.
– ndemou
Jan 16 at 16:26
add a comment |
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3
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/…
– Karoly Horvath
Sep 21 '12 at 10:03
1
Have you tried finding information yourself (manual pages, etc.)? Was the information unclear?
– Daniel Andersson
Sep 21 '12 at 10:14
@yi_H, I don't see any information on the number after the permissions.
– Shahbaz
Sep 21 '12 at 10:25
I was sure user1688102's question had already been asked and answered but can't find it. @Shahbaz: it;s the number of references to the same inode, i.e. the number of hard-links, i.e. the number of different names for the same file (excluding soft-links).
– RedGrittyBrick
Sep 21 '12 at 10:40
I've seen the man ls page. The information was not clear and no information was provided regarding permissions in man ls @Daniel
– VAR121
Sep 21 '12 at 12:03